Tenho para mim que Portugal podia ter tentado resolver a questão colonial na década de 1960, em particular durante as administrações norte-americanas de Kennedy e de Johnson, entre 1961 e 1969. Mas a obstinação de Salazar e a incompetência ou falta de interesse dos dirigentes políticos norte-americanos acabaram por inviabilizar qualquer hipótese de diálogo e tornar inevitável o desfecho que todos conhecemos.
Se em Angola o apoio da administração Kennedy à UPA de Holden Roberto foi um erro tremendo, já em Moçambique a relação com Eduardo Mondlane parecia mais promissora e tivesse Salazar vontade de negociar, talvez o processo fosse diferente. Mondlane tinha outra estatura cultural e política e poderia ter sido o líder certo para um Moçambique independente.
Kennedy sabia que era importante manter uma boa relação com Portugal, quanto mais não fosse por causa da base das Lajes, nos Açores. Por isso e por influência da comunidade açoriana dos EUA, a seguir à erupção dos Capelinhos apoiou o “Azorean Refugee Act”, de 1958, que permitiu a emigração de milhares e milhares de famílias açorianas para os EUA. Mas a realidade é que a administração Kennedy estava contra a política colonial de Salazar e a desconfiança mútua acabou por marcar decisivamente as relações luso-americanas no período de 1961 a 1969.
Sobre Mondlane e Moçambique, é interessante ouvir o telefonema de 8 de Maio de 1963 de Robert para John Kennedy, convencendo o irmão a apoiar política e financeiramente Eduardo Mondlane (100 mil dólares para um ano), sem que tal apoio fosse tornado público. A ajuda financeira seria feita através de uma fundação privada de modo que o secretário de Estado Dean Rusk não precisasse de saber os detalhes e pudesse dizer aos portugueses, na mesa de negociações das Lajes, que “nenhuma desta gente recebe qualquer dinheiro”.
“Robert Kennedy (RFK): Now, one other thing. Uh... I’ve had some conversations the last couple of weeks with a fellow by the name of Mondlane…
John Kennedy (JFK): Yeah.
RFK: … who’s from Mozambique.
JFK: Yeah.
RFK: And he’s the fellow that’s leading the effort to, uh, make Mozambique independent. He’s a terrifically impressive fellow.
JFK: Yeah.
RFK: And, uh, that’s Portuguese. Yeah
JFK: Yeah.
RFK: Uh, ... He, uh, ... uh, ... Some of his people have gotten ... He’s the head of it, but some of his people have gotten some aid and assistance from Czechoslovakia and Poland. He needs help from the United States for two reasons. Number one, so that he can indicate to them that there are people in the West at least sympathetic to his efforts, and, uh, number two, just to keep ‘em going. And, uh, the figure that he’s mentioned, that they’ll need for a year is a ... uh, ... is quite reasonable. First, he needs fifty thousand dollars for his own operation, and then he needs fifty thousand dollars for the help with the refugees. Uh, ... I think that they ... It’s a possibility that they can get the second fifty thousand dollars from the Ford Foundation. At least they’re working on that. Carl Kaysen is. Uh, but he’d need at least fifty thousand dollars from us. Now, uh, Dean Rusk has felt that ... uh, that he wants to be able to sit down with the Portuguese and say none of these people are getting any money. Uh, ... if he turned this over to somebody like Averell Harriman or John McCone, just to use their own judgment, uh, ... then he wouldn’t have to get involved in it ...
JFK: Yeah.
RFK: ... or know anything about it. Uh, ... I think it would be damn helpful. Now, we’ve had discussions on these things for the last week and Carl Kaysen can fill you in on it. But this fellow’s going back Wednesday – Mondlane – and he’s gonna meet with the heads of all these African nations at this meeting, I guess next week.
JFK: ‘Course, we wouldn’t want him to be saying that he got anything from us.
RFK: No, but you wouldn’t have that, you see. You’d have it through some private foundation.
JFK: Yeah.
RFK: Then they could have cut-outs on it.
JFK: I see.
RFK: And John McCone can handle it. So it wouldn’t come from the agency.
JFK: Well, now, what does it depend on ... Uh, you think we ought to give it?
RFK: Yes.
JFK: O.K., well, then, what do we do to give it?
RFK: Well, if – maybe if you call to Carl Kaysen about how it should be handled, because it should be handled so that Dean Rusk is happy and ... and, uh, Averell Harriman feels very strongly it should be given.
JFK: O.K.
RFK: But, uh, I think if it could be handled so that ... maybe you could explain to Dean Rusk he doesn’t have to know about it directly.
JFK: Should we tell Dean Rusk?
RFK: Well, uh, Carl Kaysen got all the facts on it, and he’ll have a suggestion as to how it should be handled.”
Muita água correu debaixo das pontes de Portugal, dos EUA e de Moçambique desde este telefonema até à morte de Mondlane em Fevereiro de 1969, causada pela explosão de uma carta armadilhada em Dar es Salaam, poucos dias depois de Nixon se tornar presidente dos EUA.
Entretanto, os irmãos John e Robert Kennedy já tinham sido assassinados em 1963 e 1968, respectivamente, e Salazar já tinha sido substituído no poder, também em 1968.